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Lesson 105 · Close out

Where to apply + how to be visible

📖 Walk me through it — plain English

This isn't an algorithm lesson — there's no code to trace. It's the closing strategy lesson: now that the rest of the guide has made you ready, this answers two questions. (1) Where should you point all that preparation — which kinds of companies? (2) How do you get those companies to notice you in 2026? The big claim is that the old habit — polish a resume, blast it through job portals, refresh LinkedIn — is just one channel, and for small AI companies it's the weakest one.

Two pieces of jargon up front. A channel just means a route by which a company learns you exist (a cold email, a referral, a blog post, etc.). Cold outreach means contacting someone who has never heard of you — no introduction — usually a direct email. FDE = Forward-Deployed Engineer, a software role that works face-to-face with a customer rather than only writing code internally. YC = Y Combinator, a startup accelerator; its companies come in "batches," and the newest batch is hiring hardest.

Everyday analogy: think of it like fishing, not a lottery. Resume-spam is buying 50 lottery tickets a week — cheap per ticket, but the odds on any one are tiny, and you're indistinguishable from everyone else holding a ticket. The lesson says instead pick 2–3 ponds to fish (the "target tiers" — AI labs, AI-product startups, Forward-Deployed roles, AI features at big SaaS, fresh YC startups, or boring-but-stable enterprise), then use the right bait for each pond. A founder at a 20-person startup reads their own inbox, so a personal, specific email lands. A big enterprise has a hiring pipeline, so a normal application still works there. You wouldn't use deep-sea gear in a small creek — you match the channel to the pond.

How to actually use this lesson, step by step:

  • Pick your 2–3 tiers. Don't chase all six. The page lists what each tier hires for so you can match it to your strengths — e.g. startups reward shipping speed and taste; enterprise rewards the classic LeetCode + system-design + behavioral loop and pays a higher base as a safety net.
  • Match the channel to the tier. Small AI startup → a personalized cold email to the founder (there's a fill-in template on the page; the rule is to rewrite the middle paragraph every time so it's about their specific work — that earns roughly a 10–20% reply rate, versus near-zero for generic blasts). Bigger company → a normal resume application is fine.
  • Build visible signal in the background. "Signal" means public proof you can do the work — a blog post on your project's evaluation method, a small open-source pull request (a "PR," a code change you submit to someone else's project) to a tool your targets actually use, or a substantive comment on AI Twitter/X. One good writeup beats ten LinkedIn status updates.
  • Read 30 min/day to build "taste." The reading list (Simon Willison, Latent Space, the Anthropic and OpenAI engineering material, etc.) teaches the vocabulary interviewers quietly test for. Skim daily, deep-read one piece a week, and form opinions — having a view is the whole point.

Why this shape works: it spends your effort where it converts. The closing "cadence" — about 5 personalized cold emails and 2 referral asks per week, one writeup and one open-source PR per month, roughly 15 hours total — is deliberately the opposite of spraying 50+ applications a week. Volume-spam maximizes noise and buries your signal; a smaller number of targeted, evidence-backed touches makes the few people who matter actually notice you. For AI-native roles, fewer-but-sharper beats more-but-generic.

The guide makes you ready. This lesson is about where the ready-version of you should be looking, and the channels that actually work in 2026 for SWE / AI-Engineer / Forward-Deployed / founding-eng roles. The traditional resume-to-LinkedIn loop is one channel. For small AI companies it's not the strongest one.

Target tiers — pick 2-3 to focus on

The tier shapes below are durable. The current company names occupying each tier live in the dated Market snapshot — check there, then re-verify before outreach.

AI labs

The frontier-model companies. High bar; longer loops; the bar is technical depth + safety judgment. Apply if you want the frontier; the loops are weeks long.

AI-product startups (Series A-C)

50–500 people building AI-first products. Hire for shipping speed + taste. Founding-engineer or early-eng titles. Cold outreach works.

Forward-Deployed specifically

Customer-facing technical role. Different bar — product judgment + customer empathy + speed. FDE decomposition round matters.

AI features at established SaaS

Bigger teams, more process, but real users + real budgets + comp parity with Big Tech.

YC startups (current batch)

Look at the YC company directory filtered by recent batch + AI. Many founding-engineer slots filled via cold outreach + demo. Higher risk, higher equity, fastest hiring decisions (often <2 weeks).

Boring enterprise tech

Banks, healthcare, big enterprise software. Traditional SWE loop — LeetCode + system design + behavioral. Higher base, slower pace. Safety-net tier.

Channel mix — what actually works
  1. Direct cold email to founder / hiring-eng manager — works best at <50-person AI startups. Founders read their inbox. Template below.
  2. Referrals via warm intros — UMD alumni in target companies; college friends now at AI startups. LinkedIn alumni search is still the fastest way to surface these.
  3. Public technical writeups — one blog post on your SoloMock evaluation methodology is worth 10 LinkedIn updates. Post on your portfolio site; cross-post to X.
  4. Open source contribution — small PRs to LangChain, Instructor, Promptfoo, llamaindex, or any tool used by your target companies. Visible technical signal + a name they recognize.
  5. AI Twitter / X presence — comment substantively on threads from people at target companies. Don't shitpost. Post your own builds when you ship.
  6. In-person — AI Engineer Summit, local AI meetups — SF if you can travel, otherwise the smaller regional ones. One conversation can shortcut weeks of cold outreach.
  7. Resume applications — still works for bigger companies (AI labs, enterprise). Lower hit rate at small startups where the eng team reads inbound but rarely opens Greenhouse.
Cold email template — for small AI startups
Subject: [Their product] + the thing I built last month

Hi [Name],

I'm Tony — UMD CS '22, last year I built SoloMock (solomock.com),
an AI verbal mock-interview app using the Realtime API + WebRTC.
The eval methodology — how I grade verbal precision instead of
correctness — is the part I'm proudest of.

I'm reaching out because [one specific thing about their product
that I actually noticed — a launch, a blog post, a feature].
I think the [retrieval / agent / eval / UX] piece overlaps with
what I just built, and I'd love 15 min to ask how you're thinking
about [the hard problem in that space].

Happy to send a 2-min demo video. Resume + portfolio: toyinyu.com.

— Tony

Personalize the middle paragraph every single time. Generic outreach gets ignored. Specific outreach about their work gets ~10–20% reply rate at small startups.

Reading list — build taste in 30 min/day
  • Simon Willison — simonwillison.net. Daily LLM news with sharp technical takes. The bar for AI taste.
  • Latent Space — latent.space (swyx + Alessio). Long-form interviews with people building AI products. The vocabulary lives here.
  • Anthropic engineering blog — anthropic.com/research and anthropic.com/engineering. Frontier model behavior + applied AI patterns.
  • OpenAI cookbook — github.com/openai/openai-cookbook. Concrete patterns you can crib.
  • Hamel Husain — hamel.dev. Evals + LLM engineering, opinionated and practical.
  • Chip Huyen — huyenchip.com. ML systems + LLM productionization.
  • Eugene Yan — eugeneyan.com. ML/AI patterns, evals, production lessons.
  • AI Engineer YouTube — talks from the AI Engineer Summit. Watch one per week.

Six months of this gives you the vocabulary interviewers indirectly test for. Skim daily; deep-read one piece per week. Form opinions — that's the point.

The right cadence: 5 personalized cold emails / week + 2 referral asks / week + 1 public writeup / month + 1 open-source PR / month. That's ~15 hours/month spread out. Generic resume-spam at >50 applications/week is the wrong shape for AI-native roles — it underweights signal and overweights noise.
→ Going deeper: Your study plan in 8-week plan assumes you know where you are applying. See 8-week plan.